How Latte Art Became Popular: The History of Espresso, Microfoam, and Coffee Aesthetics

 When people order espresso-based drinks at cafés—especially milk drinks topped with beautiful latte art—it almost always brings a small moment of joy. The unspoken rule of “let the phone take the first sip” naturally kicks in, and a photo is taken before anything else. Sometimes, the visual impact of latte art even outweighs the actual flavor experience of the coffee. And although I personally care more about taste, I have to admit that when a cup comes with an intricate, well-balanced, and beautifully integrated design, it still makes me genuinely excited and pleasantly surprised.

So this raises an interesting question: how did latte art, built on espresso, start becoming popular in the first place? Today, let’s take some time to talk about that.

I did quite a bit of research online, and to be honest, there doesn’t seem to be a single, definitive historical account. However, its development can generally be traced back to the second half of the 20th century. Espresso machines were invented in Italy in the early 1900s, but early machines suffered from unstable pressure, making milk foam difficult to control. It wasn’t until the 1960s, when FAEMA introduced new machines like the E61, that things began to change. These machines used electric pumps to deliver stable pressure, laying the technical foundation for producing fine, consistent milk foam.

By the 1980s, further improvements in steam wand technology—such as more precise temperature control and stronger, more consistent steam—allowed baristas to more easily create dense, glossy microfoam. This, essentially, is the physical prerequisite for latte art.

Once these core technical conditions were in place, latte art gradually began to appear in coffee shops. Based on various sources, the exact place of origin is still debated, but Italy and Seattle in the United States are generally regarded as two key birthplaces. One popular story suggests that in the 1980s, Italian baristas accidentally discovered that milk and coffee could form patterns while pouring, though early designs were usually simple—hearts or just a single white dot.

What is more widely accepted is that modern latte art truly took shape in Seattle during the 1980s and 1990s. Seeing this timeline also helps us realize that it coincided with the rise of the third wave coffee movement, when baristas began to place greater emphasis on visual aesthetics.

This is where one person inevitably comes into the conversation: David Schomer, the founder of Espresso Vivace in Seattle. He opened Espresso Vivace in 1987 and played a crucial role in systematizing latte art. By refining milk-texturing techniques and pouring methods, he deliberately developed classic patterns such as hearts and rosettas. He also produced two training DVDs for baristas, Latte Art and Barista Techniques, which helped spread these skills more widely.

In the 1990s, latte art began appearing in U.S. barista competitions, and coffee magazines and media outlets started referring to it as “latte art,” further accelerating the spread of the concept.

With the momentum of the third wave coffee movement—emphasizing origin, roasting, and craftsmanship—latte art gradually became a visual symbol of both barista skill and coffee quality. International competitions like the World Barista Championship incorporated latte art into their scoring systems, pushing competitors to innovate and develop increasingly complex designs. There’s no denying that “coffee aesthetics” became part of global urban culture, and latte art evolved from a technical skill into a lifestyle expression.

At its core, the popularity of latte art is the result of multiple forces working together: technological progress (stable, high-quality microfoam), cultural demand (the aestheticization of coffee), and powerful channels of dissemination (competitions and, later, social media). This trend reflects a broader pursuit within modern coffee culture—a desire for a fully sensory experience, where coffee is not only good to drink, but also beautiful to look at.